What is Citizenship - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2337 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Citizenship Essay Did you like this example? Citizenship is a concept that is difficult to universally define; it is recognized as a form of identity, representing the culture, heritage, and traditions one is born into. However, some countries today permit people to become citizens of that respective country as long as they meet the requirements and follow the regulations needed to achieve citizenship. This process is known as naturalization. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What is Citizenship?" essay for you Create order Some would argue that naturalization should be removed as an option to obtain citizenship of a country, due to people being allowed to have more than one citizenship and abusing dual citizenship rights. Though there is always the underlying negativity of this, naturalization and the ability to possess more than one citizenship simultaneously should remain allowed. It is because of this privilege, that people are able to travel the world and have the opportunity to live in more than one country. Possessing the legal right of citizenship in more than a single country is a significant part of many individuals lives. Dual citizenship encompasses and promotes diversity, a key aspect in what has shaped Canada and many other countries- and should continue to be permitted on a national scale. Citizenship is not a modern idea, despite being heavily transformed and shifted in the modern era. In fact, it dates back to the Ancient Greece era of the Romans and Spartans. In the early eighth century BCE, people participating in the military in Spartan villages were rewarded with rights, privileges and political power over their community. In Ancient Greece, it was impossible to obtain citizenship unless one belonged to a town-dwelling tribe. Skipping forward two centuries to the era of Athens in the sixth century BCE. There seemed to be a lot of foreigners coming into Athens for the chance of better lives from their foreign countries; these foreign residents were given the name Metics. Although these Metics made great contributions to the Athenian society, they were not regarded as citizens, meaning they could not participate in any political activities that normal citizens of Athens could. The natives of Athens were looked at as higher beings with a greater sense of belonging than the Metics. This concept of citizenship bred subsequent examples to follow this protocol, as immigrants were excluded from citizenship rights. Opposing Ancient Greeces conc ept of citizenship, in the middle ages era from fifth to fifteenth century CE, the feudal system was the cornerstone of everything political in European cities. The feudal system and migration went hand in hand, citizens were visiting other cities they have never been to. Foreign trade was prominent in the medieval ages; foreign merchants were frequently moving from kingdom to kingdom to sell goods and from this, migration started to become a common occurrence. Due to this common theme of travel, the Magna Carta an English charter crafted in the thirteenth century, allowed foreign merchants to stay within the English kingdom and get transported to safety. Although there was a lot of leniencies regarding the permission of merchants being able to roam through Europe freely in the medieval ages, there was no official way of regulating immigration and naturalization. Citizenship was determined by the land one had possession over; this land was normally passed on from older generations. The social hierarchy, with strict regulations of the purchase of land made naturalization and permanent foreign residence very rare. However, this did not prevent foreigners from buying land, paying their taxes and being recognized as citizens that were a part of what woul d later be called a nation-state. Citizenship is tied directly to the idea of an average nation-state. Becoming a citizen is to become a participant in a nations political affairs with a political community; in the sixteenth century, Europe saw the rise of nation-states. During this time, monarchy systems ruled over nations like Britain, France, and Spain. Nation-states were much more diverse in ethnicity and linguistics than surrounding cities. This is what instigated the nation-states the set up of processing rules for naturalization. In England, the General Naturalizations Act of 1709 was passed, allowing children born of immigrant parents in England to gain citizenship. These English-born citizens of immigrants, referred to as Denizens did not have all the rights a citizen born from an English family would have: Denizens rights to property and to inherit money were restricted. Colonial expansion started becoming more popular at the time, so England introduced a second-class of citizens for the children born of immigrant parents. The immigrant parents of Denizens were not looked at as citizens, so they gained even fewer rights. Even though Europe had made attempts to aid immigrants with thanks to global colonization, it was still proven very difficult to gain the privilege of citizenship. This was Europes concept of citizenship, but that did not account for other ideas of citizenship across nations. The United States was forming as a country and was constructing its own concept of citizenship, regardless of Europ es idea was at the time. Since the United States was its own sovereign nation in the 1780s, there were lots of people that banded together to create this great nation. Although each citizen had their place to fit in the political community, a majority of citizens felt closer with their primary states of origin than the United States as a whole. America also did not have a Constitution set up, which made it difficult to determine the magnitude of federal and state power. Thus, state governments assumed the role of federal powers in taking initiative in recognizing and acknowledging immigrants and naturalization by creating guidelines. Due to Americas fragile economy, state governments monitored and restricted poor migrants from foreign nations entering their territory. The state of Georgia expanded on this, creating an act that made all poor migrants entering the state obtain an occupation. New York did something similar, by creating an act that required lower class migrants to bring a legitimate proof of their occupation. However, the United States welcomed rich upper-class migrants that brought great assets to their country with open arms. It could be argued that the United States still holds this principle to this day; welcoming upper-class migrants and regulating the lower-class migrants (Donald Trump and the Mexicans). These policies reflect the economys influence on the concept of citizenship and how the class someone belongs to can influence whether or not one is permitted entrance into another country. The United States recognized that it was time for a change, so the state governments transitioned their power of immigration to the federal government. In 1789, the immigration and naturalization policies were now under the control of the federal government. The federal government swiftly took action and instilled the Naturalization Act of 1790. This act shifted the attention from social economic class to ethnicity. Instead of regulating migrants based on the social class, migrants were now regulated based on skin color. If someone lived in the United States for over two years, they could be declared a citizen as long as they were white. This act was released during the time slavery was still legal, hence the elevated amount of prejudice against those of lower class or contrasting ethnicities. Women were also excluded based on gender alone, leaving the average white male as the sole part of the population with the opportunity to obtain a citizenship in the United States of America. The Naturalization Act existed and influenced the power structure, leading up until the twentieth century. With large numbers of people moving from plac e to place, having citizenship in more than one place was quite common: this occurrence is called dual citizenship. Each nation has its own set of rules to regulate who is a citizen, who can become a citizen and who may remain a citizen. Once one is considered a citizen, there are three main principles to fall under: jus soli, jus sanguinis, and jus domicile. Jus soli from Latin, directly means right of soil, meaning if a persons parents possess citizenship in a specific country, most countries would allow them to obtain citizenship as well for that same country. Subsequently, jus sanguinis is also from Latin, directly translating to right of blood, meaning if someone were to be born in a country, they normally have the right to gain citizenship. Lastly, jus domicile, right of residence directly links citizenship to permanent residence. These principles are all factors that contribute to the facilitation of obtaining dual citizenship. While there are two principles regarding citizenship, there are two different perspectives towards it. Citizenship is often broken down into two contrasting ideas: the Liberal-Individualist conception and Civic-Republican conception, both formed around the seventeenth and eighteenth century. The Liberal Individualist conception revolves around maintaining dignity and fulfilling ones duties as a member of society. This point of view supports the belief that citizens act in the services for their own self-interest and benefit. People live with certain obligations to meet; paying taxes, obeying the law, engaging in trades with other persons and defending the nation if necessary, being only a few. However, citizens are to remain politically passive and focus on improving the economy. This goal of this perspective according to its own traits, is to protect and preserve the rights of citizens. While the liberal perspective focuses on fulfilling ones own economic duties, the Republican perspective focuses on bettering ones own political self-image. The Civic-Republican concept sees citizenship as an ongoing process, rather than a passive state of being. This view is concerned about government intervention that the government will take charge of most public organizations. With all the information on the concept of citizenship this paper has provided, dual citizenship is now an easier topic to dissect. This, in turn, makes it easier to draw a conclusion as to whether or not a person should be able to hold more than one citizenship simultaneously. Dual citizenship is the occurrence when one possesses more than one citizenship to a country. Countries like Canada, United States, and United Kingdom permit this, meanwhile, others like India and Singapore do not. This controversial status has privileges, but when put into the wrong hands, these privileges can be exploited. Some of these exploitations include birth tourism and the right of return, which can have an affect on immigration rates. Birth tourism is a common exploitation taken advantage of by women. This is the act of a pregnant women travelling to a foreign country in order to g ive birth to for personal gain. Subsequently, the right of return defines that if one were to get banned from being in one country, they have the right to go back to another. These exploits fuel the fire of outrage amongst the political community regarding dual citizenship. As a dual citizen, one must fulfill the duties each country requires them to. An example of this is double taxation: if someone has a citizenship in the United States and is working in another country. For instance, the United States has the right to tax the income that a person makes in that country and send it back to America. However, the United States has made agreements with other countries such as New Zealand, negating this issue of double taxation. Another drawback of dual citizenship is the dual obligations one must meet. If one has a citizenship in a country that requires military service, they can lose entitlement of their citizenship. Security clearance is another common negative fact of dual citizenship. If one seeks a governmental position, this can be difficult if one does not have a citizenship for that country, exclusively. Although it may be easier for those born into dual citizenship rather than those who have applied for it later in life, dual citizenship can still be a very complicated and expensive process. In order to achieve citizenship in the United States, one would need to apply for permanent residency and live in America for at least 5 years. Permanent residency is expensive to obtain; also considering the fees if one hires an immigration lawyer to try and facilitate the process. While dual citizenship is quite a convoluted and exploitable status, it is worth possessing. With dual citizenship, there are many benefits and privileges to reap. One with dual citizenship has the ability to vote in either country and depending on the laws and regulations of each country, have the chance of running for office. It is possible to get an education in both countries, without the having to pay the additional cost of tuition that one would normally have to when considered an international student. As some countries restrict land ownership to citizens only, it is now possible to obtain land ownership in more than one country; one also has the benefits of having two passports, making it easier to enter each country and guarantees the right of entry. Nations are destined to be different and diverse from each other; but mixing different cultures will facilitate in helping those of different countries understand the another, thereby making our world a place of richer community. Dual citizenship as a legal right, is something that affects a good portion of many peoples daily lives. Each different country of the world is diverse in its own way and one would be at an advantage to be able to say that they belong to two separate countries. Having multiple citizenships provides opportune moments to showcase the different cultures, traditions and experiences one has been exposed to. After thorough examination of the history of citizenship, it can be concluded that a globally accepted view of the concept of citizenship is difficult to achieve. Keeping this in mind, citizenship seems to be taking a positive step in the right direction, as racist and sexist obligations have been removed from most countries. Dual citizenship is a factor that plays a huge role in ones identity; an aspect that is major in any individuals life, shaping the way that one perceives oneself. Removing this opportunity would affect the factors of freedom and individuality that shape each and e very persons unique identity.

The Definition of Heteronormativity

In its broadest sense, heteronormativity implies that there is a hard and fast line between genders. Men are men, and women are women. Its all black and white, allowing for no gray areas in between.   This leads to the conclusion that heterosexuality is, therefore, the norm, but more importantly, that it is the  only  norm. Its not just one path an individual might take, but the acceptable one.   Heterosexuality vs. Heteronormativity Heteronormativity creates a cultural bias in favor of opposite-sex relationships of a sexual nature, and against same-sex relationships of a sexual nature. Because the former is viewed as normal and the latter are not, lesbian and gay relationships are subject to a heteronormative bias. Heteronormativity in Advertising and Entertainment Examples of heteronormativity might include the under-representation of same-sex couples in advertising and entertainment media, although this is becoming increasingly rare. More and more television shows, including  ABCs long-running  Greys Anatomy,  feature homosexual couples. Many national brands have tapped into their homosexual consumer base in their commercials, including DirecTV in its pitch for its Sunday Ticket, Taco Bell, Coca Cola, Starbucks, and Chevrolet.   Heteronormativity and the Law   Laws that actively discriminate against same-sex relationships, such as laws banning same-sex marriage, are prime examples of heteronormativity, but a change is underway in this sphere as well. The U.S. Supreme Court declared same-sex marriage legal in all 50 states in its landmark Obergefell v. Hodges decision in June 2015. It wasnt a landslide vote  Ã¢â‚¬â€ the decision was a narrow 5-4  Ã¢â‚¬â€ but it established all the same that states may not prevent same-sex couples from marrying. Justice Anthony Kennedy said, They ask for equal dignity in the eyes of the law. The Constitution gives them that right. Some states, most notably Texas, resisted, but the ruling and the law were nonetheless established and these states were held accountable for their decisions and heteronormative legislation.  Obergefell v. Hodges  established a precedent and a decided trend toward state approval with same-sex marriage, if not a landslide of change.   Heteronormativity and Religious Bias   Religious bias against same-sex couples is another example of heteronormativity, but a trend prevails here, too. Although the Religious Right has taken a firm stand against homosexuality, the Pew Research Center  found that the issue is not that clear cut. The Center conducted a study in December 2015, just six months after the  Obergefell v. Hodges  decision and found that eight major religions actually sanctioned same-sex marriage, while 10 prohibited it. If but one faith swung to the other side, the numbers would have been evenly balanced. Islam, Baptists, Roman Catholics, and Methodists fell on the heteronormative side of the equation, while the Episcopal, Evangelical Lutheran, and Presbyterian churches said they supported gay marriage. Two faiths  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Hinduism and Buddhism  Ã¢â‚¬â€ dont take a firm stance either way.   The Fight Against Heteronormativity   Like racism, sexism, and heterosexism, heteronormativity is a bias that can be best be eliminated culturally, not legislatively. However, it can be argued that the 2015 Supreme Court decision went a very long way toward taking a stand against it. From a civil liberties perspective, the government should not participate in heteronormativity by enacting heteronormative laws  Ã¢â‚¬â€ but in recent years, it has not. The opposite has occurred, bringing hope for a brighter future.

Is Post Secondary School Worth It - 1405 Words

E. Lisette Marasigan Mr. Kevin Gurubatham Government/Economics 17 May 2015 Is Post-Secondary School Worth It? In a society where the inflation of the broad economy is going up, it is being beat by the rapidly increasing tuition costs. Everyday people make the decision whether it is worth paying for high college tuition when job wages are decreasing. However, since the wages of jobs are going down it is more important now that people receiving a degree from a college or university. Therefore they can be on the top of the pay range by having the advantage of getting a job over high school graduates. It is worth paying the high tuition cost because the end result after forty years will be beneficial. As a college graduate, a person is pursuing a dream for their parent by surpassing their living situations, they are receiving more than an education which includes character traits and satisfaction of a job, and in the end they are going to be more financially stable than a high school graduate. Background/ Cause of High Tuition The cost of post-secondary school started to rise quickly in the 1980’s to the point where it out grew the median family income. Since the rise of the tuition cost continues until the 1990’s which was during the boom of the stock market; that is when endowments came in to play due as to one of the ways to offset the cost for families (Ehrenburg, Tuition Rising: Why College Costs so Much, Cornell University). The reason why tuition in college isShow MoreRelatedA Piece Of Paper And Years Of Schooling1286 Words   |  6 Pagesbe hired by Bill Gates† (Slouka, 4), a degree is a requirement. A college degree is simply a documentation, in other words a degree is a piece of paper confirming one met a certain level of pedagogic achievement. Nowadays, a college degree or post-secondary education is not synonymous with a stable income or secure job. Not to mention, people decide to take learning into their own hands and self-educate themsel ves. Too add on, education and professional accomplishments are not directly related toRead MoreIs College Still Worth It?915 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"The Great Debate: Is College Still Worth It?† author Ricardo Azziz endorses post-secondary education by stating its economic advantage in today’s society. The author begins his article by introducing a survey done by the American Association of State Colleges and Universities, which shows that the majority of college graduates believe college education is worth its cost. Not only are people convinced of the value of a college education, adults with a degree of some sort (bachelor’s degree orRead MorePersuasive Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesFatemah Karim Ms. Meyer AP English 11 February 22, 2013 Is it really worth going to college, owing hundreds of dollars in order to get a degree in a profession to become successful and experienced in the real world? Today, as tuition costs increase students are questioning whether college is fit for them or not. For one, college can be really expensive, for example at the University of Minnesota for an undergraduate during the academic year of 2011-2012, the cost for one credit was $448.08 and $5Read MoreCollege Is A Waste Of Time And Money853 Words   |  4 PagesHigh School in Valley Steam, New York, interviewed 300 college students at random and 200 of them didn’t think that the education they were getting was worth the effort.† (Bird 220). 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Social inequalityRead MoreCollege Is Worth The Investment1322 Words   |  6 Pagesand effort on obtaining their diploma. However, many find themselves in a rut—they have graduated their post-secondary school, but now they cannot obtain a job! Regrettably, this exact situation happens to several thousands of individuals every year. As a result, people often find themselves debating on whether or not college is valuable enough to pour hundreds of dollars into. College is worth the investment if one enters the program with the right experience, finances, and connections to make theRead MorePost Secondary Education : An Example Of Dedication, Work Ethic, And Self Motivation For A Better Life Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pagesnecessary information regarding attending post-secondary education. Even though this quote also seems very logical, it proves to be a breaking point for Americans in their decision to attend a post-secondary education college or technical school. Important matters regarding post-secondary education are very simplistic, such as raising Americans economic status, and bettering one’s stereotypical educational outlook. Another main facet of attending post-secondary educati on leads to better opportunities

Essay on Bennis V. Michigan - 1038 Words

Assignment 2 Issue: Under the state’s tort law, does forgery occur when an individual finds a check written out to cash, and was there any intent to injure or defraud. Rule of law: Under Section 30-236 of the state penal code defines forgery as â€Å"falsely making or altering any signature to, or any part of, any written purporting to have any legal efficacy with intent to injure or defraud.† Section 45-3-109d of the state Commercial Code provides that when a negotiable instrument is made out to cash, it is a â€Å"bearer instrument.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (a) bearer instrument refers to an instrument that is payable to anyone possessing the instrument and is negotiable by transfer alone; it is the same as cash.† Analysis: Part 1 1. Falsely making or altering†¦show more content†¦B. Issue: Under the state’s tort law, does the constitutional violation occur when the library refuses to include the organization’s literature among its materials, when it embodies a picture of a burning Koran being stepped on by a spiked boot. Rule of law: First Amendment states, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.† Analysis: Part 1 1. No law respecting establishment of religion 2. Right of the people peaceably to assemble 3. Petition the Government for redress of grievances. Part 2 1. Did the Library affect the organization’s establishment of religion 2. Did the Library affect the organization’s right of peaceably to assemble 3. Did the Library petition the organization’s for redress of grievances Part 3 If the burning of the American flag which is symbolic to the American nation can be burned why can’t the Koran, which is reading material. Conclusion: The case law defines the First Amendment, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for aShow MoreRelatedEffective Leadership Essay1798 Words   |  8 Pagesthem to do as if they have thought of it themselvesâ€Å"(Karns Bean, cited in Parker Begnaud, 2004). Leadership guru Warren Bennis describes leadership as â€Å"those who make a contribution makes a difference in the organization, thus giving meaning to his or her work† (Czarnecki, 2010). 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And in 1979, two more amendments were added to the act, that included; (1) unlimited hard moneyRead MoreModel Thesis31971 Words   |  128 PagesClinefelter, Ph.D. Walden University 2010 ABSTRACT Customer Service Experience: A Quantitative Analysis of Frontline Employees’ and Customers’ Perceptions in the Fast Food Industry by William Yaw Adufutse M.S.A., Central Michigan University, 2005 B.Sc., Central Michigan University, 2004 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Management Walden University August, 2010 ABSTRACT Many investigators have documented a continuingRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour Analysis28615 Words   |  115 PagesScribblings, Love Letters and Shopping Lists 31 32 48 48 49 49 50 51 52 53 54 57 58 59 60 60 61 61 62 62 63 64 64 65 65 66 66 66 68 69 Page iv Please do not attempt to eat these notes. Organisational Analysis: Notes and Essays Page v Organisational Theory Introduction to the Workshop This workshop is not primarily about management of organisations, but about organisations and people. 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Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo EditorialRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesApplications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and Practices 543 18 Organizational Change and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive

Concludes Viability Limitations Involved †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Concludes Viability Limitations Involved? Answer: Introducation The strategy process involved in management realizes the crucial point of strategic reorientations, which is a necessity with the developing and changing economy. This tendency involved in marketing process tends to introduce alternatives intending that change is never full-proofed and thus introduces alternative approaches towards strategic management. While Strategic management is a formulated technique for the implementation of prime goals and decisions, involving initiatives of different aspects by the higher level management system as representatives of the owners of any organization or company (Laudon et al. 2012). The management plan actions accordingly, based on certain factors, considering the availability of resources and an intense assessment regarding the prevailing internal and external conditions influencing the sustainability and competence of the organization,. Another aspect of this is the Strategic Management Accounting (SMA) is the process to merge objectives with information of management accounting to create a model that would assist the management to take beneficial actions relative to productivity (Barney 2012). Thus, as a result, the strategic management is an organization majorly sets the priorities by channelizing the energy and resources in the correct oriented path to strengthen operations and establish a profound foundation. This report deals with the various approaches and limitations involved in strategic management. Alongside, mitigations are suggested towards a sustainable stature. Discussion: Strategic management is a consistent process involving the access to the business and the industries in which it is an essential part. This can be defined as an art and science that enables and evaluates the cross-functional decisions that enable an organization to achieve the set targets (Brodie and Mylopoulos 2012). The process generally involves the reconfigurations on an annual or quarterly basis. Certain strategy models implied in business planning is implemented, which can be discussed with the help of literature reviews on it. Distinctive group corresponds to the model strategy, one of which is the linear approach to strategic management (Hitt et al. 2012). Standard Linear Approach: The linear strategy approach majorly focuses on the planning or setting of objectives for an organization based on its competencies and an elaboration on the methodologies to achieve the same. In this approach, the leaders decide the ways to overcome endeavors set as a hindrance in the path of development and the achievements of goals (Hill et al. 2014). The key stages in the model involve managing profit figures and performances. The agreement on the visualization and value setting process is important following the engagement with the stakeholders and understanding their needs. This step in the process considers the revision of the instructions set to develop and achieve the objectives. Next to this step, is the analysis of the environment in a comprehensive manner, which helps in the determination of the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats, in short a constructive SWOT analysis is performed to achieve the targets (Wang and Feng 2012). A crucial step in this strategy mode l is the proper definition of goals and a strategic plan even in form of business models to provide a transparent view about the goals and methodologies. This step in the strategy also considers the availability of resources and the competencies of the organization involved in the discussion to support the implementation of the strategies. Another aspect involved is to develop an integrated annual business planning (Lee and Saen 2012). This plan includes the prospective of marketing, finance, human resource management and the operation management, developed and designed to interconnect each of the segment that complements each other. As an example to this, the segment dealing with the marketing strategies must prepare evaluations subjected to revenue targets and the service experiences dedicated to meet the demands from the potential customer base must be customized and redefined on a regular basis. Proper briefing and training to the employees about the objectives is essential, as appropriately as possible. This strategic move has the potential to interlink the various components of a business plan to maximize the profit section of the organization (Rothaermel 2015). The section dedicated to management of profit and performance ultimately determining the execution process of a strategy. This involves financial management set for the optimization of the profit and provides the updated information for decisions regarding the strategic planning, then is the operational productivity that determines the proper supply chain and delivery for maximizing the efficiency of an institution, the proper management towards employee effort and developing an advanced customer relationship. The Shortcomings Involved: While alongside the visible advantageous measures of strategic management certain shortcomings or disadvantages is also involved in this process. Strategic management majorly involves long-term goals and plans allowing an organization to leverage potentials, maximize the opportunities and thus provide the competitive advancement. This type of management also involves certain failures, which are difficult to handle or manage. This is a complex, time consuming and difficult implementation in a business process. Elaborating about the various shortcomings in this process demands the prior mention of the complexities surrounding this implementation or model (Peppard and Ward 2016). Strategic management involves persistent assessments of critical attributes mainly external and the internal environments influencing the business concepts, the infrastructure and the control management. These factors to an extent are in correlation, an effect on any one of these might affect the entire integrity, affecting the management and the leadership of the company. Next, this process is time consuming as a major section of time management is dedicated to the systematic planning research and appropriate communication of the decided strategies to the team, which might just impede the daily operations and adversely affect the productivity. Issues, if not solved timely, high level of employee turnover is the result (Barney 2012). Difficulty in implementation is another factor that involves many aspects to be dea lt with. An active participation and engagement between the employees and the manger is an essentiality otherwise ranging to incompatibility. Another essentiality is the skillful strategizing that involves a talented leader with an innovative thinking yet with potential to build a sustainable system and the management should be able to anticipate the future and strategize risk management. The Stakeholder Approach to Strategic Management: Various approaches relative to strategic management are profoundly established through all these years of organizational management. Firstly, the stakeholder approach to strategic management is discussed in the upcoming section of the report (Weiss 2014). The idea of stakeholder approach to strategic management is suggestive to the formulation and implementation of processes satisfies all and those who have expertise in business. This model integrates by connecting the interests of the stakeholders, employees, customers and all the other groups involved in the system. This particular approach lays its emphasis on an active type of management of the business relations and promotions (Asif et al. 2013). This approach comprises of certain distinctive characteristics. First in the queue, this approach provides a single strategic framework that help in dealing with changes in the environments relative to business without the requirement of regular reconfiguration of rules and codes. Secon dly, this approach is more a part of management rather than planning process, as a result building a direct guide for the organization to excel and in contrast determines how these changes will benefit the environment. The central theme for this approach is the sustainability of the organization. This approach constantly balances and integrates different or multiple objectives. Stakeholder approach in all ways ensures the development of relationships that would be beneficial in the long-term basis. This is in turn the promotion or support towards a value-based management in the business arena. This approach is conceptually perspective and descriptive in nature rather entirely empirical. This collaborate the political, economic and moral analysis. As this is based on facts and analysis it is descriptive in nature but always needs to go beyond the description to suggest directions for the business. It is more likely a process to create and influence rather than just adapt. This finall y is an integrated approach towards strategic decision-making. The strategy satisfies multiple stakeholders simultaneously, paying attention towards integration rather than the concept of overshadowing perspectives. Recent developments oriented in the recent theories relative to stakeholder approach involve the normative theories of business ensuring the investment in the long-term objectives and relationships. The stakeholder approach to corporate and organizational management theory is developed by analyzing the comparison between the traditional views that corresponds to pleasing the shareholders while the recent concentrates on benefiting the shareholders. Alongside, this approach concentrates on the social performance and responsibility. The Dynamic Capabilities in Strategic Management: Another interesting paradigm is the dynamic capabilities involved in strategic management with purpose to provide a framework in coherence with the functionality to integrate existing conceptualizations, the descriptive knowledge and the facilitating prescription (Teece 2012). This strategic approach has some basic assumptions that organizations have the possible potential achieve and sustain competitive advantages through the adaptations of dynamic capabilities approach to address the rapidly varying environmental conditions. Segregating the term, dynamic, refers to the capability to reconfigure competencies in order to achieve compatibility with the change prevailing in the business world. While, capabilities emphasizes on the key potential of the strategic management to adapt or accept the changes of the economic society. This approach provides a reflection to an organizations capability to achieve and create innovative ideas that forms the basis of the competitive advantages, provided the path dependencies and marketing positions. The dynamic capability framework comprises of certain segmentations involving processes, positions and paths. Initiating with the first segment, it describes the way things should be done inclusive of patterns, routines and relative learning. Second segment describes the recent or the current endowments for example technology, UP, complementary assets and other external relations. The path determines all the possible strategic alternatives present involving returns and attend ant path dependencies. This is a developing approach towards potential integration of recent and valuable resources for the competition in the market. To be strategically correct, a firm must be honed to the customer demands, relatively unique, which is difficult to replicate. The dynamic capability approach should take advantages of the paradigm to solve the complexities (Teece 2012). As an example to the involvement of dynamic capabilities, Apple and IBM are two companies that have real learning of evolution and its execution, supporting the rapid change of the society. Apple is a unique case, the company even not being a technological leader has proven its expertise in marketing technology-based stuff to the consumers and developed features that are valued. IBM, while, may be termed as a true innovator in all technical sense both in the internal and the market that they are part of. In recent times, they run a successful IT-based citing. Sustainability Approach to Strategic Management: Another approach in the strategic management is the idea of sustainability, which is an important aspect that should be maintained for a persistent growth of a firm or an organization. Sustainable development is an aspect of attention in the global business market. The benefits of sustainability are at times so indirect that it becomes a difficult aspect to be measure. The financial result that matters for an organization is a direct consequence of sustained practices maintained in any organization (Peteraf et al. 2013). This in turn results in a sustained profit. For sample understanding consider firstly, Cost Savings- a well-structured framework involving all the environmental protection witness less consumption of resources and thus bears low operational costs (Govindan et al. 2013). This is not just for any advanced technologies but also dependent on human behaviors, employees and the existing and potential clients (Ashby et al. 2012). Another example set for this is the increase d sales- correct and maintained sustainability witness a growth and higher level of productivity with increase in service quality providing customers with higher level of satisfaction, in return gain the loyalty from customers thus the brand excels in sustained practices (Markard et al. 2012). Conclusion On analysis of the processes and approaches involved in the strategic management as pre-mentioned are extremely beneficial but of course there is always a need to check through different measures and prospects involved in the process inclusive of the viability of approaches or the steps involved, the suggested benefits, implementation issues and limitations involved in the practices. Viability, Limitations and Mitigations Involved In Approaches: In context to stakeholders approach, it would be appropriate to comment, this model was assumed to be flawed, the reason not only being that of uncertainty and unpredictability but also due to the absence of a single-decision making criteria (Balzarova and Castka 2012). This approach is more vulnerable than all the non-shareholder constituencies as is discussed and predicted. The shareholders legally do not have the authority or power regarding any initiation of corporate actions. Researchers and analysts suggests and illustrates the use of positive reinforcing cycles of inclusion, which might help in building of stronger and more corporative stakeholder based relationships (Helfat and Peteraf 2015). The viability issue persists with certain implications surrounding the agenda for future research prospects involving critical issues such as the separation theory relative to stakeholder approach to develop more like an ethical issue rather than business theory and secondly, the stakeho lder approach grew out of practical aspects of business management, which requires more generalized solutions with theory developments. In context to dynamic capabilities, there are some potential critiques, primarily revolving about the difficulty to operational management of the same; there is a lack of algorithmic procedures surrounding the translation of environmental factors into the capabilities model. Another limitation lies in the path dependency and constant dynamics involved in the system. Using the present paradigms of the model, it is an essential requirement to develop a model with competence, which would prove sustainable with each changing dynamics of the society. In context to sustainable approach, sustainability is an important issue and a concern for any organization especially dealing with the changing dynamics of the society and environment (Eskerod and Huemann 2013). Even after this condition, it is suggested to each senior level management to take measures towards high-level approach in sustainability involving services and innovation techniques to satisfy and meet up with the demands from its customer base. Such an approach in strategic terms more than in operational or moral, it would be possible to connect the senior management with issues. This would help in management between short-term and long-term goals. References Ashby, A., Leat, M. and Hudson-Smith, M., 2012. Making connections: a review of supply chain management and sustainability literature.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(5), pp.497-516. Asif, M., Searcy, C., Zutshi, A. and Fisscher, O.A., 2013. An integrated management systems approach to corporate social responsibility.Journal of cleaner production,56, pp.7-17. Balzarova, M.A. and Castka, P., 2012. Stakeholders influence and contribution to social standards development: The case of multiple stakeholder approach to ISO 26000 development.Journal of Business Ethics,111(2), pp.265-279. Barney, J.B., 2012. Purchasing, supply chain management and sustained competitive advantage: The relevance of resource?based theory.Journal of supply chain management,48(2), pp.3-6. Brodie, M.L. and Mylopoulos, J. eds., 2012.On knowledge base management systems: integrating artificial intelligence and database technologies. Springer Science Business Media. Eskerod, P. and Huemann, M., 2013. Sustainable development and project stakeholder accounting: what standards say.International Journal of Managing Projects in Business,6(1), pp.36-50. Govindan, K., Khodaverdi, R. and Jafarian, A., 2013. A fuzzy multi criteria approach for measuring sustainability performance of a supplier based on triple bottom line approach.Journal of Cleaner Production,47, pp.345-354. Helfat, C.E. and Peteraf, M.A., 2015. Managerial cognitive capabilities and the microfoundations of dynamic capabilities.Strategic Management Journal,36(6), pp.831-850. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R.E., 2012.Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Laudon, K.C., Laudon, J.P., Brabston, M.E., Chaney, M., Hawkins, L. and Gaskin, S., 2012.Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm, Seventh Canadian Edition (7th. Pearson. Lee, K.H. and Saen, R.F., 2012. Measuring operations sustainability management: A data envelopment analysis approach.International Journal of Production Economics,140(1), pp.219-226. Markard, J., Raven, R. and Truffer, B., 2012. Sustainability transitions: An emerging field of research and its prospects.Research policy,41(6), pp.955-967. Peppard, J. and Ward, J., 2016.The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Peteraf, M., Di Stefano, G. and Verona, G., 2013. The elephant in the room of dynamic capabilities: Bringing two diverging conversations together.Strategic management journal,34(12), pp.1389-1410. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education. Teece, D.J., 2012. Dynamic capabilities: Routines versus entrepreneurial action.Journal of Management Studies,49(8), pp.1395-1401. Wang, Y. and Feng, H., 2012. Customer relationship management capabilities: Measurement, antecedents and consequences.Management Decision,50(1), pp.115-129. Weiss, J.W., 2014.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Parts of Library Essay Example For Students

Parts of Library Essay The library is composed of several sections: Acquisition Section, Cataloging Section, Circulation Section, Multimedia or I. T. Section, Reference Section, and Periodicals Section. If youve been too library, youll realize that it was divided into several sections. These sections can help readers find what theyre looking for in the library. They also keep everything organized and secured. The Acquisition Section keeps a complete and up-to-date record Of all books in the library. This section is also responsible for purchasing new books. Once he books are accessioned and labeled properly, they will be passed to the Cataloging Section where theyre properly classified and cataloged based on the system used by the library. After which, the books are taken to the Circulation Section. This section is said to serve as the backbone of the whole library since this is where library users go when they need to read and keep themselves updated. The Circulation Section is responsible for several tasks such as registering new members and renewing old ones, issuing borrowers cards and reading materials, electing fines for books returned late, and many more, This section is in charge of helping users find the references theyre looking for as well as conducting regular inventory of books. On the other hand, the Multimedia or LAT. Section houses the visual aids, microfilms, and computers of the library. Photocopying machines, scanners, DVD/CD player and a television are also found in this section. This is also oeuvre users can access online resources for free. The Reference Section of a library serves as the home of encyclopedias, contraries, handbooks, yearbooks, atlases, almanacs, and much more. This is the place where you can find and read literally just about anything under the sun. Most of these references are bulky and very heavy which is why theyre not allowed to be borrowed by users outside the library. Finally, the Periodical Section is the go-to section of the library if youre interested in reading the latest news and events happening around the world. This is where you can find local and international newspapers and magazines.